Wane irin mutum ne wanda ke da garin "hacienda" ba ya mafarkin samun lambun marmari, inda ba 'ya'yan itace kawai, har ma da kyawawan shuke-shuke na ado? Da kyau gyara shrubs, bishiyoyi na ado na lambun, waɗanda ke kusa da katuwar gida ko ƙaramin gidan ƙasa, za su haifar da yanayi mai ban sha'awa don annashuwa bayan kwanakin aiki, zai zama fahariyar masu su, batun "farin" kishi na maƙwabta.
Matsayin bishiyoyi na ado, shrubs a cikin lambuna
Tsirrai na kwalliya sune ainihin mahimmin abin da sau da yawa ya rasa dachas wanda aka nufa don girbi kawai. Koyaya, rawar su tana da girma:
- yi wa shafin kwalliya, ba shi kyan gani;
- jikewa da yanayin tare da iskar oxygen, shan iskar carbon dioxide;
- sakin abubuwa daban-daban masu amfani cikin iska;
- lokacin dasa shuki tare da kewaye da shafin - kariyar mutane, tsire-tsire masu 'ya'ya daga turbaya, gurbatar iskar gas;
- a rana mai zafi, rawanin rawanin bishiyoyi zasu ɓoye masu dacha a inuwarsu daga zafin bazara;
- "Hedge" zai kare yankin tare da ƙananan shinge ko raga daga idanuwa masu kaifi;
- daskararrun bishiyun kayan adon tare da shinge zai hana iska mai ƙarfi daga tasirin kayan lambu da kayan lambu.
Dabbobi iri-iri suna faranta ido ta hanyoyi daban-daban - wasu yayin fure, wasu - daga lokacin da ganye suka bayyana har sai sun faɗi, da conifers - kusan duk shekara zagaye.
Abin da bishiyoyi don dasa: yanke shawara akan zabi
Zaɓin bishiyoyin kwalliya masu dacewa ya dogara da yanayin yankin, girman filin gonar, abubuwan da aka zaɓa na mai gonar, da kuma ikonsu na kuɗi. Don ƙauyukan arewa masu sanyi, zai fi kyau a samo nau'ikan da ke jure yanayin sanyi - dole ne a sanya nau'o'in kudan zuma a rufe, kuma wannan ba matsala ba ce, musamman idan akwai irin waɗannan bishiyoyi da yawa. A cikin yankuna masu dumi, zaɓin ciyayi masu dacewa ya ɗan fi girma, amma wasu nau'ikan suna da matukar zaɓi game da yanayin ƙasa, da ƙwarinsa, da yawan shayarwa, wanda yake da mahimmanci musamman a yankuna masu bushewa.
Ana sanya dogayen bishiyoyi masu faɗin rawanin sarauta a manyan wurare masu faɗi, amma ga iyakantattun wurare wannan zaɓin ba abar karɓa bane - irin waɗannan nau'ikan suna iya inuwa sararin kusan gaba ɗaya, suna hana ƙananan ƙananan ci gaba.
Wasu mazaunan rani suna samun ƙananan bishiyoyi, waɗanda yawanci baƙon abu ne - suna yin bazara a waje da kuma hunturu a cikin gida.
Zabar bishiyoyi ta sigogin lambu
An rarraba bishiyoyi masu ado zuwa al'ada:
- ƙarancin haske - ƙasa da tsayi mita 10. Waɗannan sun haɗa da: warty Birch, Jung's Birch, prickly hawthorn, toka mai kuka, maple mai siffar dabino, acacia mai ruwan hoda, yankin Japan, dahurian juniper, wake;
- matsakaici-sized - kimanin 10-15 m a tsawo. Waɗannan sun haɗa da: koren lambu, Tattalin Maɓallin Tatar, yammacin thuja, tokawar dutsen gama gari, willow mai kuka, birch mai kuka;
- tsayi - aƙalla 15 m a tsayi. Wadannan sun hada da: itacen oak, Linden, spruce gama gari, kirjin, beech na gandun daji, taswirar jirgin sama.
Dogayen tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire suna ƙirƙirar lafazin sararin samaniya, wuri mai faɗi uku, ba da inuwa mai yawa, haifar da kwanciyar hankali. Don ƙananan filaye, ko da bishiyoyi uku zuwa huɗu za su zama masu tsayi, don manya - manyan ƙato 25-30. A matsayin wani ɓangare na abubuwan da ke cikin itace, ana amfani da nau'ikan bishiyoyi masu sananniya - wanda bai wuce mita 1.5 ba. Masana sun ba da shawarar haɗa zaɓuɓɓuka da yawa a cikin lambun ku, ƙirƙirar shimfidar wurare na musamman.
Nau'in bishiyoyi
Dukkanin bishiyoyi masu ban sha'awa suna cikin gida:
- conifers - 'ya'yansu suna haɓaka, sun yi girma a cikin cones na siffofi daban-daban. Mafi yawan wadannan nau'ikan suna da ganye masu kamannin allura masu tsayi iri-iri, kauri tare da ko ba tare da kakin auduga ba; a wasu nau'ikan, ganyen yana da fadi, yana siye;
- deciduous - tsire-tsire masu furanni tare da ganyen petioled. Ganye yana da tsari iri-iri, jere daga haske mai haske zuwa na ja. Bar ganye a cikin bazara da bushewa da digowa a kaka;
- 'ya'yan itace masu ban sha'awa - nau'in bishiyoyi na' ya'yan itace na yau da kullun, galibi suna da ƙarami kaɗan, ƙananan fruitsa smallan itace, kyawawan ganye;
- nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan jinsunan da aka shigo da su, galibi ba a daidaita su da yanayin canjin tsakiyar tsaunuka ba. Galibi suna buƙatar tsari na kariya lokacin da yanayin sanyi ya shiga.
Ifunƙun duwatsu
Mara ma'ana, galibi dogaye, kodayake ana samun ƙananan iri, suna iya girma sosai a kusan kowace ƙasa.
Bayanin nau'ikan da suka fi kowa tare da sunaye:
- juniper - yayi girma a cikin haske mai haske ko wurare masu matsakaiciyar inuwa, sun fi son cinyewar danshi, haske, kasa mai sako-sako. Ruwan ruwa mai ƙarfi ba ya haƙuri da kyau, saboda haka ana shuka shi sau da yawa a kan gangarowa, a cikin manyan duwatsu, manyan gadaje masu filawa. Iri-iri: Sinanci - yana da launi na tagulla-mai launin rawaya, tsawo har zuwa mita biyu, a kwance - allurar bluish, yana girma har zuwa 50 cm, scaly - yana haɓaka cikin faɗi, tsawo kimanin 30 cm;
- pine - yana girma sosai a cikin rana, yankuna masu yashi, baya jure ruwa da yawa. Akwai na kowa da na dwarf. Wani sanannen iri-iri shine pine mai duwatsu tare da allurai masu launin rawaya-kore, a cikin shekaru goma baya girma fiye da rabin mita, yana damuna sosai a ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara;
- spruce - kyawawan samfura suna girma cikin danshi, amma ba overdried, dausayi. Iri-iri: talakawa - tare da allurar kore mai duhu, a cikin shekaru 10 ya girma har zuwa 2 m, kuka - dogayen rassa sun faɗi da kyau a ƙasa, tsire-tsire mai girma bai fi mita takwas ba, a waƙa - launi mai launin azurfa, mai launin shuɗi, tsiron manya ya kai 3 m;
- fir - yana buƙatar ƙasa mai ni'ima, mai jure inuwa, yana girma a hankali, amma zai iya kaiwa mita 20-50. Launi - daga koren duhu zuwa azurfa. Mashahuran iri sune Arizona, Balsamic, Koriya;
- thuja - ya tsiro da kyau a sako-sako da ruwa, damshi, ƙasa mai laushi, kusan kwari basu lalata shi ba, yana da sifar dala. Mafi yawan mutane sune Kanada, tsefe, kyau.
Ragewa
Deciduous suna da ado sosai, suna da ganyayyaki iri daban-daban da girma dabam. Fitattun wakilai:
- Maple na Manchurian - mai girma - har zuwa 20 m, siriri, kyakkyawan zumar shuke-shuke, wacce aka shigo da ita daga Far East. Ganye mai ɗanɗano kore ne a lokacin rani, ja-lemu a kaka. Yana son rana, ƙasa mai ni'ima, amma mai jure fari, mai jure sanyi;
- maple na azurfa - yayi girma har zuwa mita 35-40 a tsayi, mai jure sanyi, hoto, yana girma da sauri, yana buƙatar danshi mai yawa. Ganye mai lobed biyar ne, kore a lokacin rani, rawaya, ja-lemu, burgundy a kaka. Maple ya fara fure kafin ganye ya bayyana;
- birch mai laushi - maras kyau, mai sanyi-mai sanyi, mai jure iska, yana son ƙasa mai danshi. Kambin ta yana da tsayi, kusan duk akwatin fari ne. Tsaba suna da haske, suna yaduwa da sauri akan dogon nesa, sababbin harbe - tare da fluff;
- drooping Birch, ko warty, - yana da tsawo fiye da 35 m, yana da tsayayyen fari, yana girma sosai a rana, wurare masu danshi. Kambin yana kuka, aikin buɗewa, ɗanyen ganye a lokacin rani, rawaya a lokacin kaka.
'Ya'yan itacen ado
Yawancin nau'ikan matasan, wadanda suka dace da yanayin mummunan yanayi na yanayi, yana sa ya yiwu a shirya kyakkyawan gidan rani, kodayake yana da ɗan lalacewar amfanin ƙasa, kayan abinci mai gina jiki na 'ya'yan itatuwa.
Mafi na kowa:
- appleananan itacen apple - ƙananan: yana girma har zuwa kusan mita 6-10, ana rarrabe shi da ƙwarin hunturu mai kyau, sun fi son ƙasa mai tsaka-tsaki. Kambi yana yadawa, ganyen oval ne, kore ne a lokacin rani, ja-orange a cikin kaka. Furanni farare-ruwan hoda, 'ya'yan itatuwa kanana ne, galibi ja;
- Kiku-Shidare ceri ko sakura - ya fi son rana, wurare masu nutsuwa, matsakaiciyar ƙasa mai gina jiki. Tsayin mita uku zuwa shida, rassa a rataye, koren ganye mai haske a lokacin rani, lemu-rawaya a lokacin kaka. Ya yi fure sosai tare da manyan furanni masu ruwan hoda, ƙananan fruitsa fruitsan itace;
- willow mai kuka pear - mara lada ga ƙasa, tsawo - har zuwa mita uku, ganyen azurfa, waɗanda galibi ana kiyaye su don hunturu, furanni farare, 'ya'yan itacen da ba za su ci ba, ƙarami. Bar, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari ana kiyaye su a kan itacen a lokacin hunturu.
Bishiyoyi na waje
Wadannan nau'ikan an kawo su ne musamman daga kasashe masu zafi, dayawa sun dace sosai da yanayin gida, sauran suna bukatar "warming" idan ana tsammanin lokacin sanyi mai sanyi.
Yawancin jinsunan da aka girma:
- Magnol na Ash mai juriya ne da sanyi, yana son ƙanshi mai daɗi, ƙasa mai laushi, rana, wurare masu nutsuwa. Yana girma har zuwa mita 6-7 tsawo. Launin ganyayyaki daga koren haske zuwa sillar-launin toka, furannin suna da girma - har zuwa 30 cm a diamita, fari;
- Jajayen Jafananci ko itacen gingerbread - suna girma sosai a wuraren da ke da haske, amma ƙonawa yana yiwuwa daga hasken rana kai tsaye. Yana son rigar, ƙasa mai yawan acidic. Zane mai siffar zuciya, ruwan hoda-satin a bazara, ruwan zinare mai ruwan inabi a lokacin kaka;
- rooting tekoma-kampsis - sanyi-mai juriya, yana buƙatar wadataccen shayarwa, itace mai ɗumbin yawa, liana tare da tushen asalin iska, wanda aka daidaita akan kowane tallafi. Tsawon mita 5-15, furanni - mai kama da kararrawa, rawaya ko jan-lemu;
- brugmansia mai kamshi - ya fi son ƙasa "mai" mai haske, mai yawa mai haske, baya banbanta a juriyar sanyi - yana buƙatar matattarar abin dogara ga hunturu ko girma cikin baho, tsayinsa ya kai mita huɗu zuwa biyar. Furanni - har zuwa 30 cm tsayi, launinsu koren-fari ne.
Sanyin jure bishiyoyi
Nau'ikan kayan kwalliyar sanyi sun hada da:
- Doorenbos birch shine mafi farin jini mai kaunar birch, ya dace da kasar matsakaiciyar haihuwa. Ganyayyaki suna da girma, furanni suna da yawa, ba a gani, tsayin ya kai mita 15;
- Maasar Norway maple Royal Red - mai son rana, ba tare da izini ga haɓakar ƙasa ba, amma baya karɓar yankuna masu dausayi. Hawan - har zuwa 20 m, ganye - lobed biyar ko bakwai-bakwai, ja a bazara, ja-baki a lokacin kaka;
- Rowan talakawa - mai jure inuwa, yana girma kusan kusan kowane ƙasa mai sako-sako. Yana girma har zuwa mita 5-10, fuka-fukai masu fuka-fukai, ƙananan furanni, fararen-rawaya, 'ya'yan itatuwa masu kama da Berry.
Iri-iri na shuke-shuke masu ado
Shuke-shuken sun bambanta da bishiyoyi a girmansu, daga ciyawa - a gaban katako mai itace.
Shahararrun iri:
- Jafananci Quince - haske-bukata, fari-resistant, fi son haske kasa, matsakaici danshi. A cikin tsananin sanyi, yana buƙatar tsari. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ne rawaya, ba ripen a cikin sanyi yankuna;
- forsythia - yayi girma sosai a wuraren da rana take, ƙasa mai haske mai ni'ima, tayi fure kafin ganye su bayyana, furanni rawaya ne, ƙarami;
- scumpia - ya tsiro a kan ƙasa mai ni'ima, tsayinsa ya kai kimanin mita uku, a lokacin rani ganye kore ne, a lokacin kaka - yellow-orange-orange ko burgundy-scarlet. Furanni suna da fari-ruwan hoda ko rawaya-fari-fari;
- filin saura - yana girma a kan ƙasa mai haske, mai nuna haske ne a matsakaici, yayi kama da rowan cikin furanni da ganye, zuwa lokacin kaka kaka ganye ya juya daga kore zuwa zinari.
Dokokin yau da kullun don girma, kulawa
Dabbobi daban-daban na shuke-shuken bishiyoyi suna buƙatar yanayi daban-daban don ci gaban al'ada, adana kayan kwalliya. Mahimman shawarwari:
- samuwar kambi daga shekarar farko ta rayuwa;
- tsaftace tsaftar shekara-shekara;
- a cikin bazara - farin farin don karewa daga hasken rana;
- kwaro da magance cututtuka ta hanyar feshi;
- shigar da tarko don zomo, beraye;
- daidai ciyarwa don ci gaban al'ada, 'ya'yan itace;
- shayarwa na yau da kullun a cikin fari, zafi;
- a cikin kaka - masu sa kai masu girbi, ruɓaɓɓen ganye;
- a cikin hunturu - girgiza dusar ƙanƙara daga rassa, ta ɓoye nau'ikan da ba ya jituwa da sanyi.
Ka'idodin tsara bishiyoyi a cikin lambun, haɗuwarsu da wasu shuke-shuke
Ana amfani da waɗannan rukunan a cikin shirin lambu:
- daidaitaccen - yawanci matsakaici ko ƙarami, tare da kambi kusa da ƙwallon ƙafa;
- nau'ikan nau'ikan kukan baƙin ciki;
- 'ya'yan itacen dwarf, bishiyun bishiyun;
- matasan shafi.
An shirya bishiyoyi a layuka ɗaya ko biyu, ɗaya bayan ɗaya, bisa ga wani tsari, cikin rukuni na wakilai mara kyau na iri ɗaya, nau'ikan daban. Kuna iya ƙirƙirar abin da ake kira bosquettes - mini-groves, wanda, tare da taimakon aski, an ƙirƙira su cikin “shinge masu rai”, suna amfani da nau'ikan coniferous da deciduous.
A gaban sararin samaniya masu 'yanci, ana amfani da wasu bishiyoyi azaman kwandunan kwalliya - shuke-shuke masu son haske da aka dasa a wani yanki. Sau da yawa sukan raba gangar jikin saboda bishiyar ta zama mai rassa kamar yadda ya kamata, yana yadawa, kuma yana da karancin shuka. A wasu halaye, masu lambu, ta amfani da fasahohi na musamman, suna samar da zobe, conical, laima, pyramidal, rawanin kuka. Kadan sau da yawa - ana shuka tsire-tsire iri iri iri kusa da juna, a hankali kusan suna girma tare, daga nesa suna kama da ɗaya.
Hakanan yana da mahimmanci a haɗa abubuwan da ke koren sarari da juna daidai - ba duk tsirrai abokai bane. Misali, Jasmine, lilac, fir, chestnut horse suna da mummunan sakamako akan ci gaban pears, apples, kuma yana da kyau kada a dasa komai a gaba da mulberries, buckthorns na teku. Yawancin albarkatun 'ya'yan itace ba sa jurewa makwabta tare da birch, maple, conifers da yawa. Pine, spruce, da fir sunyi karfi da ƙasa, wanda ba shi da karɓa ga 'ya'yan itace da stoneaomean pa .a. Idan akwai itacen oak, Willow, poplar a cikin lambun, ya kamata a cire ganyen da suka faɗo kafin su fara ruɓewa. Wasu nau'in bishiyoyi suna dauke da phytotoxins wadanda ake fitarwa cikin iska - kasancewar basu da illa ga mutane, suna cutar da wasu ciyayi sosai.
Ko bishiyoyi masu jinsi iri ɗaya suna iya hana junan su girma tare da yawan kaurin shuka, saboda haka, ana la'akari da girma, siffar rawanin, da kuma tushen tushen wani nau'in.
Kammalawa
Mai daddawa da yankewa, mai ƙarancin ruwa da katuwar bishiyoyin lambu, bishiyoyi za su yi ado, su haskaka kowane fili, yana ba ka damar amfani da gidan bazara ba kawai don tono dankali, ciyawar ciyawar karas, yayyafa tumatir, amma har ma don hutawa mai kyau, ƙirƙirar mafi zaman hoto na gida na asali akan bangon "kayan ado" girma da hannayensu.
