Miniananan fure a cikin kyakkyawan wiwi shine burin yawancin masu noman fure. Scanshin mara ƙamshi na launuka masu launuka iri iri da sihiri mara kyau suna iya cin nasara da kowa. Amma ba kowa ne yake yanke shawarar kiwo wannan shukar a cikin gida ba - wardi ya shahara saboda halayen su. Amma babu abin da ba zai yiwu ba. Kula da su ba shi da wahala kamar na lambun iri. Idan aka bi wasu sharuɗɗa, za su faranta maka rai da furannin shuke-shuken shekaru. Nasihu daga wannan labarin zasu gaya muku yadda zaku zaɓi da dasa bishiyoyin ƙamshi daidai, yadda za'a kula dasu da kyau da kuma yayata su.
Game da shuka
Furewar itacen fure itace shuke-shuken shuke-shuke daga dangin Pink. Babban bambanci tsakanin wannan nau'in shine girman girman sa, wanda ya sa ya dace da girma cikin gida. Tsayin daji yawanci baya wuce 35-45 cm.
Tarihin noman cikin gida yana da wadataccen tarihi. Ko da a zamanin tsarist, ya kasance sanannen shuka shukokin wardi a gida. Ana iya samun nau'ikan 'dangin "dangin ta na China a zamanin Soviet. An bambanta shuka ta manyan furanni masu daɗi.
A yau akwai nau'ikan da yawa na tukunyar "ƙawa". An sanya su cikin rukuni masu zuwa - Miniananan, Mini-Flora da Polyantha. Iri na ƙananan polyanthus da wardi na kan iyaka tare da ƙananan furanni, rodo-faɗen baranda, waɗanda suka zama gama-gari a faɗuwar rana ta ƙarni na ashirin, sun shahara sosai. Sun zo gidaje da gidaje daga ƙananan farfajiyar cobbed wanda ya ba su sunan su.
Bugu da kari, masu kiwo sun yi kiwo iri daban-daban musamman don noman cikin gida. Misali, wardi daga alamar kasuwancin Danish Cordana. Wakilan da ake nema na ƙaramar “iyali” sune Fada da iri-iri iri. Kuma, ba shakka, mutum ba zai iya kasa lura da wardi na --ungiyar ba - tsayin waɗannan jariran bai wuce 14 cm ba.
Yadda ake zaɓar fure a cikin shago
Lokaci mafi dacewa don siyar ɗakin fure shine Fabrairu ko Maris. A cikin watanni masu sanyi, zai zama mafi sauƙi ga furen ya daidaita da sababbin yanayi, don haka damar adana shukar yana ƙaruwa. Wajibi ne a bincika fure a hankali don cututtuka don zaɓar cikakken kwafin lafiya. Irin wannan fure yana da sabbin ganyaye da ganyaye, kuma dunƙulen ƙasa a cikin tukunya an cika shi da tushe. Guji siyan shuke-shuke tare da zubewa da ganye mara kyau. Amma a cikin ɗan bushewar harbewa babu wani abu da ba daidai ba, amma haushi ya zama sabo ne da santsi. Tabbatar duba kasan ganyen ko akwai wasu kwari.
Sayi wardi kawai a cikin cibiyoyin sadarwar da aka tabbatar wanda ba zai bada izinin kulawar shuka mara kyau ba. Bayan haka, idan ƙasa a cikin tukunya ta bushe aƙalla sau ɗaya yayin bayarwa ko kasancewa a cikin shago, to ba zai yi aiki don rayar da irin wannan furen ba. A wannan yanayin, zai yi aiki ne kawai azaman bouquet, wanda, duk da haka, zai faranta muku rai ɗan lokaci fiye da yanke wardi. Yana da matukar wahala mutum ya iya tabbatar da kasancewar wannan matsalar a zahiri.
Bayan kawo shuka daga shagon, kuna buƙatar adana shi a cikin ɗaki mai zafin jiki na + 15. Yana da mahimmanci daidai don kiyaye babban matakin danshi ta hanyar fesa tsire da ruwa daga kwalbar feshi sau 2-3 a rana. Dole a cire busassun furanni da ganye da zarar sun bayyana.
Shuka kulawa a gida
Wardi na cikin gida yana da tsananin wahala da finicky. Kula dasu ba sauki bane. Hakanan a cikin yanayin yanayi, suna buƙatar hunturu a cikin ɗaki mai sanyi. A lokacin rani, wardi ba ya jure zafi sosai, saboda haka, ana ba da shawarar a fitar da su a buɗe yayin lokacin dumi.
Akwai nuances da yawa wanda yanayin da bayyanar tsiron ya dogara. Kulawa mai kyau tabbas zata bada fruita fruita, kuma lallai shukar zata faranta maka rai da kwalliyar fure a dawo. Yi la'akari da ƙa'idodi na asali don kiyaye wardi na gida.
Zaɓin wurin zama
Idan baku shirya aika fure don zama na dindindin ko na zama a cikin lambun ba kuma zaku shuka shi a gida, kuna buƙatar zaɓar wurin da ya dace don sanya shi.
Fure ne mai son haske, amma yana tsoron hasken rana kai tsaye. Don ƙawancen dindindin, yankin kudu maso gabas ko kudancin taga ya dace. Suna da haske sosai, wanda yake da mahimmanci ga kamshi "kyakkyawa". Koyaya, a cikin irin waɗannan wuraren, tsire-tsire na iya zama da zafi sosai, ƙila ba za su iya tsayayya da hasken wuta ba.
Yana da wahala musamman ga wardi ya tsira da ranakun tsakiyar rana, lokacin da rana ke yin burodi da iko mai ban mamaki. A irin wannan lokacin, kuna buƙatar kulawa da inuwa mai inganci na fure, ko kuma aƙalla sake shirya shi daga windowsill zuwa farfajiyar da ba ta cika ambaliyar ruwa da haske ba. Misali, zaka iya cire tukunyar akan teburin da ke gefen windowsill ko a kan shiryayyen da aka sanya a bango kusa da taga.
Zaɓin ƙasa da tukunya
Asa dole ne ya kasance yana da kyau sosai kuma zai ba da izinin sauƙin iska da danshi zuwa asalinsu. Waɗannan kaddarorin mallaki ne ta hanyar shirye-shiryen tukunya wanda aka bayar a cikin shaguna na musamman. Kuna iya haɗuwa da substrate da kanku. Akwai zaɓuɓɓukan ƙasa da yawa don wardi na cikin gida. Yana iya haɗawa da:
- 4 ɓangaren ƙasar sod, ɓangarorin humus 4 da ɓangaren 1 na yashi;
- 2 sassan humus, 2 na peat, ɓangaren 1 na yashi;
- 2 ɓangaren peat, ɓangare 1 na ƙasar lambu, 0, sassan yashi 5, sassan humus 2.
Bayan haɗa abubuwan haɗin, ya zama dole a kashe cututtukan da aka shirya - zubar da shi da ruwan zãfi.
Galibi akan zaɓi tukunya wacce ta fi ta baya girma kaɗan. Zai iya zama kusan santimita ya fi girma a diamita da tsayi 5-8 cm. Idan an siyar da fure a cikin ƙaramin gilashi, an ba shi izinin ɗaukar tukunya mafi girma. Diamita daga gindinta na iya zama 10-12 cm, kuma tsayinsa yakai 15-20 cm, kusan, kamar tsayin karamin-shrub. Idan sabon shuka da aka saya nan da nan aka dasa shi a cikin tukunyar da ta fi girma, zai yi kyau sosai. Za a iya dasa babba ya tashi a cikin tukunya mai tsayi 20-22 kuma diamita 24 cm.
Mafi kyawun tukunyar fure itace yumbu tare da kariya ta gilashi. A cikin irin wannan kwandon, ƙasar za ta daɗe sosai. Idan zaku sayi tukunyar filastik, zaɓi ɗayan da ke da ƙasan gefuna da ƙasan.
Danshi da zafin jiki na iska
Jin daɗin shuka kai tsaye ya dogara da ƙarancin ƙananan yanayin da aka ƙirƙira a cikin ɗaki.
Yawan bushewar iska na iya haifar da bayyanar cututtuka da kwari. Saboda haka, ya zama dole a kula da danshi a 60-70%. Cika kwantena da ruwa kuma sanya su kusa da shuka. Ruwan zai ƙafe, wanda zai samar da matakin danshi da ake buƙata.
Idan ya cancanta, za a iya fesa fure a ɗumi da ruwa mai zaƙi kowace rana ko kowace rana. Yawan feshi a ruwa ya dogara da bushewar iska da yanayin ɗakin. Idan dakin yayi sanyi, ba a bukatar hanya. Tasirin ruwan dumi yana da fa'ida sosai akan yanayin shuke-shuke.
A lokacin bazara da lokacin rani, yanayin zafin rana mai kyau don tashi daji zai zama digiri 18-24. Dole ne a kauce wa zafin rana da bushewar asalinsu. A cikin hunturu - yayin lokacin bacci - dole ne a kiyaye tsire-tsire a zazzabi na digiri 8-15. Babu wani yanayi da ya kamata a sanya tukunyar a kusa da radiators da masu zafi. Dakin ya zama yana da iska sosai kuma a lokaci guda ana kiyaye shi daga shigar azzakari. Shuka baya jure canje-canje kwatsam na zafin jiki kuma yana iya zama baƙi idan aka fitar dashi kai tsaye zuwa sararin sama. Koyaya, ƙananan canje-canje na yau da kullun zasu amfane shi kawai.
A lokacin bazara, fure zai iya rayuwa a digiri 30, amma fa idan ana samun ruwa akai-akai kuma ana fesa shi. Saboda haka, ya fi kyau a ajiye shi a wuri mai sanyi. Ana iya shigar da shi a cikin ɗaki sanye take da kwandishan, idan har tana cikin nesa mai nisa daga tushen sanyaya.
Hasken wuta
Ya kamata a saka wardi na cikin gida a cikin wani ɓangare na gidan wanda ke alfahari da ci gaba mai haske sosai, kuma a lokaci guda ya bazu haske. Sai kawai lokacin da isasshen hasken rana zai fure yayi fure sosai kuma ya bunkasa daidai. Ana sanya fure a cikin tukwane a kan tagogin windows. Bugu da ƙari, ya fi dacewa a yi amfani da windows a gefen kudu. A tsakar rana, ya zama dole a cire shuka daga jiragen da ambaliyar ruwa ta yi ambaliya, ko don kiyaye su daga rana da labule ko makafi. Idan ba zai yiwu a inuwa shuke-shuke ba, ya kamata a matsar da su zuwa tagogin gabas ko yamma. Sauran lokaci, ƙarin hasken wuta ba zai zama mai yawa ba, tare da taimakon na'urori na musamman.
Shayarwa
Don jika ƙasa a cikin tukunya, kuna buƙatar amfani da sassauƙa mai laushi ko ruwan sama, a zazzabin ɗaki ko ɗan dumi.
Watara ƙarfin ruwa na iya bambanta gwargwadon lokacin. A lokacin bazara da bazara, ana samun ci gaban aiki da furanni. Sabili da haka, a lokacin waɗannan lokutan, shukar tana buƙatar ɗimbin ƙasa mai yalwa. Dole ne a samar da shi sau da yawa a mako. A cikin lokacin kaka-hunturu, ya kamata a rage karfi da yawan ba da ruwa. A yanayin zafi mara kyau, kar a jika kasar gona fiye da sau daya a mako. Tsakanin ruwan sha, yakamata ƙasa ta sami lokacin bushewa mai zurfin 2-3 cm. In ba haka ba, yaduwar ƙasa na iya faruwa. A lokacin lokacin hunturu, haɗarin ƙarancin ruwan ƙasa yana ƙaruwa. Wannan na iya haifar da tushen ruɓewa Dole ne a tsiyaye ruwan da ya rage a kwanon bayan minti 10 bayan shan ruwa.
Top dressing da hadi
Takin wani abu ne na tilas a cikin kulawar daki ya tashi. A lokacin bazara da lokacin bazara, ana gudanar da ciyar kowane mako biyu. Wajibi ne a sauya wasu abubuwa masu ɗumbin ɗabi'a - jiko na kashin saniya, tare da na ma'adinai - takin zamani na ruwa don shuke-shuken shuke-shuke masu dacewa. Bugu da ƙari, yana da daraja a yayyafa ganyayyaki tare da raunin mai ƙarfi mai tattarewa na riguna na musamman. Babu buƙatar hadi a lokacin hutu.
Ana buƙatar ciyarwa ta farko a watan Afrilu, bayan shukar ta shiga cikin haɓakar aiki. Idan an dasa tsire-tsire a cikin damuna, ƙila ba za a iya yin hayar wata ɗaya daga farkon lokacin noman ba. Fresh potting mix yana dauke da wadatattun abubuwan gina jiki. A matakin fure, ana buƙatar ciyarwa mai ƙarfi kowane mako. Roses suna ɗaukar takin mai magani mafi kyau a cikin yanayin rana mai dumi. Sabili da haka, a kwanakin sanyi, zaku iya ƙi ciyarwa.
Dokokin dasa shuki
Ana dasa shukokin wardi matasa a kowace shekara. Manyan wardi suna da matuƙar damuwa ga sake dasawa. Sun jure wa wannan aikin da zafi sosai, don haka bai kamata ku sake dame shuka ba. Dasawar ya barata ne kawai idan saiwan sun zama matsattse kuma ana bukatar babbar tukunya. Ana aiwatar da aikin ta hanyar hanyar kwanciyar hankali. Wannan yana baka damar karka fasa kasa kuma karka lalata tushen sa. Bayan dasawa, dole ne a sanya tukunyar a wuri mai inuwa.
Mafi kyawun lokacin dasawa shine ƙarshen kaka. Sabon tukunyar ya kamata ya wuce na baya a cikin diamita zuwa 3-4 cm kuma a zurfin zuwa cm 5. Idan an sake amfani da tukunyar, dole ne a kurkure shi. Sabon akwatin yumbu dole ne a jika shi cikin ruwa kuma a ajiye shi na wasu awowi.
Ya kamata a shayar da fure kafin a cire shi daga tukunya. Wannan zai cire duk kwalliyar kasa.
Don aiwatar da dasawa, ya zama dole a shirya magudanan ruwa, adana ƙasa ta musamman don wardi da hadadden taki. Da farko dai, kuna buƙatar ƙirƙirar magudanan ruwa mai tsayin cm 3. Daga nan sai muka saita shuka a tsakiya kuma muka cika ta da cakuda ƙasa tare da gefuna, wanda ke buƙatar haɗawa. Furewar ba za a binne shi sosai ba - abin wuya ya kasance a matakin ƙasa. Don dasawa bayan sayan, kuna buƙatar jira har sai an gama fure.
Yadda za a datse fure
Gyara kwalliyar daki ya tashi shine babban yanayin yawanta, ci gaba da fure. Duk nau'ikan wannan tsire-tsire, da bambance-bambancen tukwane da mutanen lambun, suna jure wa irin wannan kulawa.
Don kyakkyawan sakamako, ana buƙatar nau'ikan gyaran iri masu zuwa:
- shekara-shekara - tsari na yau da kullun wanda ke haifar da samuwar bishiyoyi masu kauri da yalwar furanni;
- yanayi - cire rassa masu mutuwa da inflorescences;
- sarrafawa - yanke yankewa mara ƙarfi da ɓarkewa.
A yayin aikin yankan wardi na cikin gida, abin da ake buƙata shine bin ƙa'idodin tsafta da na tsabta.
Aikin zai buƙaci kayan aiki masu kaifi da tsabta - ya fi kyau a yi amfani da masu zaman kansu. Dole ne a yi wa yankan shinge na gonar shears da maganin kashe cuta. Dole ne a bi da sassan sakamakon nan da nan tare da kayan kariya na musamman.
Ya kamata a yi layya a wani kwana, la'akari da wurin da kodan yake. Yankan yankewa an yi shi ne kawai sama da harbin da ba shi da kyau. Yakamata a bar karamin yanki kimanin 5 mm don tabbatar da ingancin koda. Yankin ɓarnar harbi an yanke shi zuwa lafiyayyen nama. Idan babu toho a kan reshen, to an yanke shi a ƙarƙashin gindin.
Ya kamata a tashi daki a cikin faduwa. Cire dukkan rauni da kuma harbe-harben cikin gida gaba daya. Yanke sauran kashi ɗaya bisa uku, ajiye 5-6 buds akan reshe. Wannan zai tabbatar da sanyin wuri da fure a bazara.
Ana yin kwalliyar kwalliyar kwalliya a ƙarshen watan Fabrairu - farkon Maris. Shi wajibi ne don ta da ci gaban da karfi harbe da kuma aiki flowering. A wannan lokacin, lokacin hutun ya ƙare kuma kuna buƙatar kasancewa kan lokaci kafin fara haɓakar aiki, a lokacin da kodan suka fara kumbura.
Tsawancin lokacin hasken rana a lokacin yankan ya kamata ya fi awa 10. Wannan wajibi ne don dacewar ci gaban harbe-harbe.
Barin yayin fure
Fure na farko suna bayyana a cikin daji a ƙarshen Maris ko Afrilu. Kwararrun masu noman furanni sun san yadda ake cin nasara sau uku a cikin kaka ɗaya. Samuwar sabbin toho yana kara motsawa ta hanyar yanke furannin tare da gwatso da zarar sun fara bushewa. Wannan tsarin yana ba ku damar samun sabbin furanni, amma, furannin kaka bai yi yawa kamar bazara ba.
Ba shi yiwuwa a ta da fure a lokacin hunturu. An tabbatar da wannan ta shuke-shuke masu furanni a cikin shaguna. Babban yanayin yanayin girma a cikin hunturu shine kasancewar haske mai wucin gadi na wucin gadi.
Lokacin bacci
Duk nau'ikan wardi na cikin gida suna buƙatar lokacin bacci. A rashi, tsiron ya raunana, haɓakar sa ta ragu. Wannan na iya haifar da rashin fure har ma da mutuwar tsire-tsire.
Bayan yankewar furanni, lokacin da ganye suka fara zama rawaya, ya zama dole a hankali rage zafin jikin ɗakin zuwa digiri 8-15. Guji wuce gona da iri a cikin ƙasa. Soilasa ya kamata ya fi ɗumi zafin jiki zafi. Zaka iya ajiye wuta ta sanya tukunyar a cikin kwandon sawdust. Shayar da fure a wannan lokacin ya zama bashi da kadan kadan kadan. Kulawar da ta dace zata tabbatar da sabbin budwayoyi sun bayyana a bazara.
Sake bugun daki yayi
Ana yin wardi daga cikin gida ta hanyar yanka. Don wannan, tushe na wardi da aka saya daga kanti ko manyan balaga a lokacin girma suna dacewa. Za a iya yin yankan a cikin greenhouse, a gida har ma a waje. Mafi kyawun lokutan wannan tsari sune bazara da bazara. Koyaya, a lokacin hunturu, ana ba da ƙarin hasken wuta, yana yiwuwa a tsirar da tsire-tsire irin shuka da kuke so.
Yankan abinci
Don samun harbe, sassan tushe tare da ƙwayoyi da yawa sun dace - 2-4 primordia sun isa. Ya kamata a ɗauki yankan daga tsakiya, ɓataccen ɓangare na tushe tare da ƙuruciya matasa da lafiyayyun koren buds.An yanke reshe daga ƙasa kai tsaye ƙarƙashin ƙananan toho, kuma kamar wata santimita ta koma baya daga toho na sama.
Tushen suna fitowa daga ƙaramar ƙwaryar da aka sanya a cikin yanayi mai laima. Mafi yawan hanyoyin da ake samu na tushen samuwar suna cikin ruwa ne kuma a cikin kifin.
Kwanan nan, masu aikin lambu suna ƙara yin amfani da cuttings a cikin tubers dankalin turawa. Shuke-shuken yana ciyar da danshi daga asalinsu kuma yana jin dadi matuqar bashi da manyan tushe. Muna yin rami a cikin dankalin turawa, sanya kara a ciki don ƙananan ƙananan biyu suna ciki, kuma mu dasa shi a cikin ƙasa - buɗaɗɗen ƙasa ko tukunya.
Yankan ruwa
Mafi sau da yawa, yankan yakan faru a cikin ruwa. Mun sanya shukar a cikin akwati don ƙananan buds suna cikin ruwa kuma tabbatar cewa matakin ruwa baya ragu. Bayan 'yan makonni, ƙananan ƙwayoyi suna kafa, kuma ana iya dasa shukar a cikin ƙasa. Rashin dacewar wannan hanyar shine yankan zai iya rubewa a cikin ruwa. Bugu da kari, asalin fure suna da kyau sosai kuma galibi suna wahala yayin dasawa.
Cuttings a cikin substrate
Idan kayi tushen cuttings kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa, za'a iya kaucewa matsalolin da aka bayyana. Ana dasa shuke-shuke mai tushe a cikin gadon filawa ko tukunya tare da dunkulen kasa. Wannan yana guje wa lalacewa. Peat, sphagnum gansakuka, substrate tare da kwakwa sun dace da kayan shuka. Za'a iya kafe cutan a duka tukwane daban kuma a akwatin gama gari.
Kafin dasa shuki, ya zama dole a tsoma tsaran da aka shirya a cikin wakili na musamman wanda ke haifar da saurin ci gaban tushen. An dasa shuki a ƙarƙashin gangare, binne wasu ƙananan budaba. Shayar da tsire kuma rufe. Don dasa shuki, zaku iya ɗaukar gilashi ko tulu na filastik, ko jakar filastik kawai. Bayyanar ganyen farko yana nuna samuwar asalinsu da sigina cewa lokaci yayi da za'a dasa shukar.
Cututtuka da kwari na daki sun tashi
Furewa na cikin gida yana da damuwa da fure-fure. Ya bar farin shafi akan ganyaye da tushe. Don kawar da matsalar, ya kamata a cire abubuwan shuka da abin ya shafa tare da amfani da su da kayan gwari. Fundazol, Topaz, Fitosporin sun dace.
Abukan ciki ko na gizo-gizo na iya cutar da lafiyar wardi. Lokacin da jan gizogizai ya kawo hari, saƙar gizo ya bayyana a kan harbe kuma ƙaramin ganye ya bushe. Idan aka gano wasu ƙananan kwari, ana iya rarraba ganyen da ruwan sabulu. Idan akwai mummunar lalacewa ga tsire-tsire ta hanyar kwari, dole ne ku nemi magungunan kwari - Aktellik, Fitoverma, Nurrel-D. Kada kuyi ƙoƙarin cire miyar gizo-gizo tare da magungunan mutane - wannan zai haifar da mutuwar tsire-tsire.
Waɗanne matsaloli na iya haifar da cututtukan daki?
- rashin nitrogen a cikin ƙasa - ganye ya zama kodadde, jijiyoyin sun fara zama rawaya a farko;
- tare da ƙarancin haske, rashin tsari ko rashin yankan lokaci, zane, ba da ruwan sha - babu fure;
- idan yawan zafin jiki yayi yawa, rashin ruwa mara tsari da haske sosai, ganyen yayi launin rawaya ya fadi;
- tare da yawan shayarwa, harbe sun ruɓe.
Abu ne mai yiwuwa a girma ƙaramin wardi a gida, babban abu shine a bi ƙa'idodin kula da su.
