Knownwararrun marubutan kirkirarrun labarai na kimiya suna san gabanin lokacinsu ta hanyoyi da dama da hango abubuwan da duniya zata ƙaddara kawai. A cikin ayyuka da yawa masu zuwa na yau da kullun, gidan gaba yana da gilashi kuma yana da bango mai haske. A zahiri, irin waɗannan gine-ginen sun wanzu. Mies van der Rohe ya zama majagaba na sabon alamar tarihi a cikin gine-gine. Ya tsara gidan gilashi, wanda bangonsa ya zama tagogi. Tarihin halittar ginin yana da alaƙa da rikice-rikice da yawa, wanda ya zama "baƙar fata PR" don wannan nasarar haɗin gwiwa na ƙirar ra'ayoyi masu ƙwarin gwiwa da ƙananan siffofin. Abokin ciniki kawai ya ƙi karɓar aikin mai ginin kuma an tura zanga-zangar zuwa kotu da 'yan jarida. Matsakaiciyar matsakaici tsakanin buɗe al'adun gargajiya da bangon gilashi na gaba ana shagaltar da tagogin gilashi a cikin ciki. Wani lokaci ana kiransu "Faransanci" a cikin mutane. Me yasa windows suka sami wannan suna kuma yaushe suka fara bayyana?
Gilashin gilashi da nau'ikan su
Tantannin gilashi sun fara bayyana a ɗayan lardunan ƙasar - Provence. Hinasar Faransanci, sunan wanda sananne ne ga kowane mai zane, ya haifar da salon salo iri ɗaya na sunan, wanda, a hanyar, shima ana buƙata tsakanin 'yan uwanmu. Bayanan farko da aka ambata game da irin waɗannan tsarin sun faro ne daga tsakiyar ƙarni na 7. Tabbas, ba a yi amfani da gilashi sosai ba a wancan lokacin, saboda haka, ana iya kiransu "windows" kawai a alamance, gwargwadon aikin su. Provence sananne ne ba kawai don kyawawan shimfidar shimfidar wurare tare da layuka marasa iyaka na filayen lavender ba, amma kuma don yanayin dumi, mai sauƙin yanayi.
Duk waɗannan sharuɗɗan sun zama dalilin ƙirƙirar "kofofin" da ba a saba gani ba (kuma a cikin Turai ana kiran su haka), wanda ke ɓata iyaka tsakanin gidan da kyawawan abubuwan da ke kewaye da shi, suna barin hasken rana da iska mai kyau ta Cote d'Azur. Tsarin ya kunshi katangar karfe mai ƙarfi tare da ƙofofi biyu, wanda yake saman matakin bene. Har yanzu ba a kera gilashin wannan girman a wancan lokacin ba. Doorsofofin da suka buɗe ko suka motsa an cika su da itace.
Bayan masana'antar gilashi sunyi babban tsalle a ci gaba, windows sun fara barin haske koda kuwa basu buɗe ba. An fara amfani da ainihin tunanin cikin gida ba kawai a Faransa ba, amma sauran ƙasashe ma sun karɓi shi. A yanzu haka, akwai rarrabuwa da yawa na tagogin panoramic.
Dogaro da hanyar buɗewa, an kasa sifofi iri uku:
- Swing Ginin gargajiya, wanda kuma yake da mahimmanci ga kofofin gargajiya. Hannun gilashin gilashi suna dacewa da ɗakuna da ƙananan ƙofofin buɗewa wanda babu sarari don ƙyamaren ƙofofi.
- "Mai jituwa". Sigogi na asali, wanda aka ninka madauri da yawa a cikin "littafi" kuma a bayyane aka sanya shi a cikin "filin ajiye motoci" a gefen bangon waje. "Accordion" bai dace da ƙananan ɗakuna ba.
- Daidaici lilo. Doorsofofin zamani suna da tsari iri ɗaya. Kayan suna motsawa kawai zuwa garesu, don haka adana sarari.
- La'akari da abubuwan da aka ƙera, ƙirar windows sun kasu kashi biyu:
- Tare da shtulp. Idan aka buɗe, suna ba ka damar more cikakken fasalin, amma ƙofofin suna iya juyawa kawai (ma'ana, suna buɗe "ga kansu" da kuma gefe).
- Tare da kwaikwayo. Wannan mahadar a tsaye wani bangare ne na aikin juyawa. Godiya a gare shi, ana iya buɗe tagogin gaba ɗaya ko wani ɓangare "zuwa ga kansu" don ɗan shaƙata ɗakin. Abun takaici, imfani da yake tsakiyar yana karya ka'idar cikakken budi, wanda yake sifar tsarin zane-zane.
- Game da kayan firam, ana rarraba windows a cikin nau'ikan masu zuwa:
- Katako. Ana yin su ne daga larch da itacen oak. Ana amfani da Pine don ƙirƙirar zaɓin kasafin kuɗi. Tunda itace mai ƙarfi na iya nakasawa a kan lokaci, ana amfani da katako mai mannewa maimakon. Irin waɗannan windows suna da kayan ado na musamman kuma a lokaci guda suna "numfasawa" koda lokacin rufewa.
- Filastik. Kayan zamani, mai amfani, tare da taimakon waɗancan baranda a cikin ɗakuna suna ƙara haske. PVC "rashawa" tare da ɗan tsada mai tsada.
- Aluminium Kayan yana da nauyi, wanda yake ba da damar ƙera manyan tagogi masu haske da haske. A baya can, ana amfani da aluminum ne kawai don gilashin sanyi na verandas na bazara ko ɗakunan ajiya. Bayan fasahar gabatar da rufin zafi a tsakanin bangarorin ciki da ciki na bayanan martaba, an fara amfani da kayan a ko'ina cikin dukkan dakunan gidan.
- Gilashin haɗin gilashi. Kayan ya zama sabon abu a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, amma ya riga ya kafa kansa amintaccen, zaɓi mara nauyi. Gilashin da aka haɗu da gilashi za su biya kyawawan dinari.
Dangane da nau'in gilashin gilashi, ana rarraba sifofi zuwa:
- Sau Uku. Akwai fim mai haske tsakanin gilashin waje da ciki. Multilayer yana bawa kayan damar karyewa akan tasiri cikin kananan gutsure, amma don a rufe shi da hanyar sadarwa ta hanyar fashewa a wurin tasirin inji na cikin gida.
- Taran gilashi. Ta fuskar karfi, ya zarce wanda aka saba sau biyar zuwa shida. Idan lalacewa, kayan abu ya farfashe tare da gefuna mara faɗi, wanda ke rage haɗarin rauni ga mutumin da ke kusa. Ofarfin bugun ya kamata ya fi girma tare da harbi na yau da kullun, tunda gilashin kuma yana lankwasawa sosai.
- Zaɓin Electrochromic. Gilashin zamani mai kaifin-zamani, wanda a bayyane daidaitaccen abin daidaitacce ne ta amfani da ramut. Kayan yana da tsada sosai kuma ana amfani dashi ne kawai a cikin gidaje na alfarma ko kuma chan ƙasar.
- Gilashin shawagi. Ana yin kayan ne gwargwadon fasahar wannan sunan: an zubi gilashin narkakken kan narkakken karfe (tin). Gilashin da aka goge da zafi yana da dukiya mai nunawa kuma baya gurɓata hoton, wanda yake na gilashin talaka ne.
Ana yin ado da manyan tagogi masu kyan gani galibi tare da shimfidar ado ko spros. Laaramar siffa ce mai siffa a cikin firam, wanda zai iya zama saman, gilashin-gilashi ko tsari. Akwai zaɓuɓɓuka da yawa don wurin layin dogo, wanda ya sauƙaƙa don zaɓar ƙirar taga ta asali.
An rarraba windows masu gilashi gwargwadon aikin su na aiki zuwa mashigai da "yarjejeniya". A cikin yanayin farko, ƙofar zuwa titi ko tireshi tana ɗaukar wani ɓangare ne kawai na tsarin, kuma a yanayi na biyu, duk yankin. Hakanan, windows na iya zama tabbatattu kuma ɓangare. Zabi na biyu ya fi karko kuma abin dogaro saboda kasancewar rabe-raben.
Fa'idodi
An aiwatar da manufar cikakken buɗaɗɗe fiye da rabin karni. Ita ce ta haifar da lalacewar iyakoki da fitowar shahararrun ɗakunan studio, bakuna da windows masu kyan gani. Godiya ga irin waɗannan ƙirar ƙirar, wuraren "numfashi" kuma suna cika da iska. Tsarin zane-zane yana wakiltar alamun nasara na ƙofa da buɗe taga kuma suna da fa'idodi da yawa da ba za a iya musantawa ba, daga cikinsu suna lura da:
- Mai gabatarwa, kallon zamani daga waje da ɗakuna daga ciki.
- Kyakkyawan ra'ayi game da kewayen da ke kewaye da ikon fita zuwa farfaji ko kuma kai tsaye zuwa farfajiyar, lambun, zuwa gazebo. Irin waɗannan windows ɗin suna da daraja sosai a cikin gidaje masu zaman kansu da ɗakunan ajiya, inda babu yanayin birni mai banƙyama da zai bayyana a gaban idanun iyalai, amma kyawawan panoramas na halitta.
- Kayayyakin faɗin sarari na ɗakuna masu ƙuntata saboda iyakokin yaudara.
- Kyakkyawan haske na halitta, wanda aka yaba sosai a cikin Provence, minimalism, hawa da kuma salon Scandinavia.
Lokacin zaɓar abu mai inganci don taga, hakanan zai samar da zafi mai kyau da rufin sauti.
Rashin amfani
Gilashin gilashi ba tare da yawan rashin amfani ba. Wadannan sun hada da:
- Matsaloli a cikin shigarwa a cikin gidaje. Don shigar da tsarin panoramic, zai zama dole a yarda kan sake haɓakawa a cikin binciken gidaje, wanda koyaushe baya ƙare da nasara. A wasu gine-gine, ba shi yiwuwa a gina dogon taga a cikin bango mai ɗaukar kaya ba tare da lalata ƙarfin ta ba.
- Hadadden aikin kula da tabaran tabarau. Matsalar ta sake dacewa ga gidaje. Idan gidan ya kasance a saman benaye, to ba za ku iya yin ba tare da sa hannun masu hawa masana'antu ba.
- Heatingarfi mai ƙarfi na ɗakin. Yawancin haske na halitta yana da nasa matsaloli. Tunda kayan da aka samu na tagogin panorama ya kai wani matsayi na 90%, ɗakin zai yi zafi kamar yana "sanye" da baƙar fata kuma an sanya shi a rana kanta. Kyakkyawan kwandishan na farfajiyar zai kiyaye yanayin.
- Matsaloli a cikin sanya radiators na dumama wuta, waɗanda bisa al'ada suna sanya su bango ƙarƙashin taga.
- Babban farashi.
Wata matsala za a iya la'akari da rashin kwanciyar hankali na tunani da wasu mutane ke fuskanta tare da irin wannan buɗewar don kallo daga titi. Mutum yana tunanin cewa koyaushe yana ganin wani. Za'a sami ceto ta wurin makanta, tun da yake a al'adance ba a rufe tagogin Faransanci da labulen baƙi.
Misalan amfani da windows masu kallo a ɗakuna daban-daban
Tantannin gilashi suna gama gari, suna dacewa da yanayin cikin kowane ɗaki: ɗakin yara, ɗakin kwana, zaure, ɗakin baƙi. Babban abu shine cewa akwai yanayi guda biyu:
- Abilityarfin shigar da irin wannan buɗewar cikin tsarin gidan.
- Kyakkyawan ra'ayi wanda zai buɗe wa iyalai.
Dangane da daidaiton salo, windows na Faransanci sun dace koda da tsaffin kayan gargajiya, amma haɗuwa tare da Provence, Art Nouveau, minimalism, hi-tech, Scandinavian da eco styles ana ɗaukarsu mafi fa'ida.
Falo
Murhun murhu da kuma wani kusurwa daban ta tagar kallo tare da shimfida mai ƙarancin shimfiɗa da matashin kai suna ba da ta'aziyya ta musamman ga ɗakin zama. Niche a ƙarƙashin ƙaramin gado mai matasai ana iya cika shi da littattafai, saboda haka zai yiwu a tsara ƙaramin fili don karatu. Idan buɗewar ba ta kai ga bene ba, to ana iya kiranta Faransanci kawai da alama, kodayake yana riƙe da duk fa'idodi na asali (ban da samun dama ga titi). Galibi ana sanya taga ta Faransanci a bayan bayan gado mai matasai, wanda shine tsakiyar ƙirar ƙira. Wannan tsari ya ƙunshi sha'awar buɗewar buɗewa yayin tsaye, amma ana iya magance matsalar ta zaɓar gado mai matasai tare da baya biyu, baƙon abu a cikin zane. Don haka, masu mallakar zasu sami wuraren "wurin zama" sau biyu don baƙi. Kuna iya keɓe kusurwar ta taga ta panoramic ta amfani da shimfiɗa, wanda a kansa aka ɗora hoto mai kyau na kujeru masu hannu biyu da teburin kofi.
Bedroom
Dakin kwana yakamata ya kasance mai jin daɗi tare da kwanciyar hankali wanda ke inganta kyakkyawan hutawa da ingantaccen bacci. Ganin windows zai taimaka muku yin bacci, da kyakkyawan kallo akan titi kafin idanunku. A al'adance, bangon falon yana gefen gadon, tunda bakin allon yana duban bangon bango da TV. Da safe, zaku iya farka yin iyo a rana, wanda ke ba da tabbaci ga yanayi mai kyau da sauti don yini duka. Idan wurin ɗakin ya kasance mai kusurwa, to, zaku iya yi masa ado ta wata doguwar taga irin ta zamani wacce zata ɗauki bango biyu lokaci guda. Irin wannan aikin dole ne masani ya haɓaka shi a hankali, tunda nauyin da ke kan tsarin zai kasance mai girma. Idan muna magana ne game da ɗakin kwana na ɗaki, to, za a haɗu da tagogi masu banƙyama tare da buɗewa a kan rufin, suna ba da sararin sama mai kyau. A irin wannan ɗaki na soro, zaku iya tsunduma kai tsaye cikin yanayi. Gidaje za su dandana jin daɗi musamman lokacin ruwan sama.
Kitchen da dakin cin abinci
Iyalai suna ciyar da zaki mai yawa a lokacin hutu a girki. Hanya ɗaya ko wata, a nan ne liyafar shan shayi, ƙaramin hutu yayin shirya abincin rana da tattaunawa na kusa. Kasancewar tagar panorama a cikin wannan ɗakin zata ba wa ɗakin girkin ado na musamman da ƙoshin lafiya da dandano. Yana da mahimmanci ga mutum ya kasance yana da ɗabi'a mai kyau yayin cin abinci. Don tabbatar da kyakkyawan abinci, suna ƙoƙari su guji amfani da duhu, launuka masu sanyi da walƙiya, cikakkun bayanai na ɓoye a cikin ƙirar ɗakin cin abinci. Mutum yana ganin yanayin ƙasa kamar haɗuwa tare da kyakkyawan haɗin launuka, wanda ke taimakawa haɓaka yanayi yayin cin abinci.
A cikin ɗakunan haɗuwa, galibi ana cin abinci a kusa da taga ta bay. Bude buɗe ido, har ma da yanayin juzu'i na firam da yawa, zai zama mai ado mai kyau ga cikin ciki.
Majalisar zartarwa
A cikin binciken ga mutum, an girka tagogi masu kyan gani tare da tabarau masu haske da kuma makauniyar makauniyar makafi. Fuskokin katako za su yi inuwar kayan ado na fata masu tsada na kujerun. A cikin bitar yarinyar, an kawata tagogin Faransanci da labulen allon ko labulen kwalliya waɗanda aka yi da iska mai iska. Don kar a rasa damar yin tunani game da shimfidar wuri, wurin aiki bai kamata ya zama "ɓoye" a cikin ɗakin ba. An matsar da cibiyar da ke da sharadin kusantar babban kayan ado na ciki saboda mutum ya iya aiki cikin hasken halitta, wanda yafi isa.
Gidan wanka
Da yawa na iya ganin rashin dacewar sanya windows masu lura a cikin gidan wanka, inda dole ne a ɓoye abin da ke faruwa daga idanun baƙi daga titi. Ana iya magance matsalar cikin sauƙi tare da labule, makanta ko gilashi mai tabo. Zai fi kyau a yi wanka ko jacuzzi a gaban tsarin. Don nutsar da ruwan kumfa ba tare da inuwar abin kunya ba, windows ya kamata su manta da bayan gidan kayansu. A cikin ɗakunan alatu, wannan ƙofa ta wucin gadi tana kaiwa zuwa wurin wanka ko sauna, inda zaku iya ci gaba da maganin ruwan ku.
Zane da tsarin launi
A al'adance, taga taga farare ne. Irin wannan inuwar an ba ta filastik, daga wacce ake yin tagogi masu haske iri biyu, kuma ana maraba da ita a cikin salon "'yan asalin" don zane - Provence. Black launi zai jaddada tsananin da gajeren ciki. Don yin oda, mai siye na iya yin sigogi na kowane tabarau waɗanda suke cikin jituwa da adon ɗakin. Sautunan launin ruwan kasa na itace koyaushe suna da alaƙa da salon gargajiya da na eco. Hakanan za'a iya ba gilashin tabarau na musamman na aquamarine, cikakke ceri, sage ko mustard. Ya kamata a tuna cewa ciki na ɗakin zai sami irin wannan sautin a cikin hasken hasken rana yayin rana, yayin da windows ke rufe. Idan tsarin yana da girma mai girma, to ya fi kyau a sanya launuka masu launuka ta hanyar mosaic a cikin gibin makafin kusurwa tsakanin bangarorin shpros.
Yin ado da manyan tagogi
Tantan windows na Faransa sun riga sun zama kayan ado na ɗaki da faɗin gidan, don haka ya kamata a ɗan ƙarfafa kyawunsu kawai, amma ba a jawo hankali ga kayan adon ba. Mafi sau da yawa, ana amfani da gilashi a cikinsu mai haske ko spros tare da hadadden lissafi. Ana ba da shawarar rufe windows na Faransanci tare da makafi, sirara, labulen haske (mafi kyau shine mafi kyau) ko kuma rukuni, samfurin birgima, waɗanda, lokacin da aka birgima, ba za su tsoma baki tare da sha'awar yanayin shimfidar wuri ba. A matsayin zaɓi, ana amfani da allo na nau'in zamiya, wanda, idan ya cancanta, an cire shi gaba ɗaya.
Zaɓuɓɓuka don tsara kayan ɗaki a ɗakuna tare da tagogin bene zuwa rufi
Lokacin sanya saitin kayan daki, dole ne a kula da irin wannan ɗakunan launuka masu launuka azaman taga mai banƙyama. Mafi yawan lokuta, shafin da ke gabansa ana share shi gaba ɗaya don kada a sami cikas don samun damar shiga titi kyauta. A tazarar rabin mita, zaka iya sanya ƙaramin wurin hutawa har guda biyu, wanda zai ba ka damar jin daɗin shimfidar wuri yayin shan shayi ko karatun littafi. Manyan kayan daki (galibi sofas) galibi ana juya su da baya zuwa taga sannan a ajiye su a nesa, tunda hutawa akansa yana nufin kallon Talabijin.An girka tsarin adana abubuwa, katako da kabad a kusa da kewayen dakin, amma ba kusa da bangon wurin da tagar hoton take ba, tunda tasirin fadada sararin zai iya rasa saboda irin wannan aikin na gani.
Fuskokin Faransanci galibi suna yin ado da ɗakuna masu tsada a cikin gine-ginen sama, inda zunubi ne a rasa irin wannan ra'ayi na marmari, wanda aka lulluɓe shi da gajimare. A cikin gidajen birni na birni, zaɓi mafi mashahuri shine tare da samun damar shiga loggia ko baranda, inda aka shirya kusurwar hutu ko kuma gidan haya. Yawancin masu zane-zane sun yi imanin cewa makomar tana bayan windows windows, tun da manufar buɗe ido ba kawai ya kasance sanannen ba ne, amma har ma yana ci gaba koyaushe, yana share ragowar iyakoki. Tsarin na musamman yana da kyau domin yana ba ka damar kasancewa a gida koyaushe kuma a lokaci guda ka ji jituwa da yanayi, wanda koyaushe yake bayyana a gaban idanunka cikin dukkan ɗaukakarsa.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xuGxV04JhPQ
