Halayen fasali na salo
Salon Bauhaus a cikin zane an ƙirƙira shi a farkon karni na 20 kuma nan da nan ya zama sananne. Babban halaye:
- Aiki. Babban aikin zane na ciki shine sanya gidan ya zama mai dadi da mai rai. Wannan shi ne abin da suke tunani a cikin Jamus.
- Mutane masu dogaro. Babban jigon shine bukatun mazauna. Kowane daki-daki na ciki an daidaita shi da salon rayuwarsu.
- Imalaramar hankali. Kayayyakin da suka fi cancanta ne kawai game da adana sarari da ƙarancin amfani. Bai kamata a sami kayan ado da yawa ba - maimakon ɗab'i mai haske, zai fi kyau a zaɓi ƙarshen abu ɗaya.
- Kayan kwalliya. Abubuwan salo ba kawai su zama masu aiki ba, har ma da kyau.
- Kayan zamani. Da farko, samar da kayan daki da sauran abubuwa na ciki ya fara ne da gabatarwar kayan masana'antu (ƙarfe, gilashi, filastik).
- Siffofin geometric. Sauƙin layin madaidaiciya yana ba da taɓa fasaha ta musamman ga salon Bauhaus a cikin ciki.
Bakan launi
Ka'idar Bauhaus da ba ta girgiza ita ce kiyaye jituwa. A cikin palet ɗin salo, ana bayyana wannan a haɗuwa da kishiyoyi biyu - a launi, zafin jiki, rubutu.
Babban zangon yana tsaka tsaki. Fari, yashi, hoto, baki. Waɗannan tabarau an yi wahayi zuwa gare su ta yanayi kanta - filastar launin toka, dutsen sanyi mai duhu, itace mai ɗumi mai ɗumi, baƙin ƙarfe.
Ba za ku iya yin ba tare da launuka masu haske ba. Manyan sun kasance kuma sun kasance tsarkakakku rawaya, ja, shuɗi, kore. A lokaci guda, falsafar salon Bauhaus tana bincika su ba kawai ta mahangar gani ba. Misali, waɗanda suka kirkira salon sun yi imanin cewa abubuwa ja suna da alama sun fi kusa, masu launin shuɗi, akasin haka, sun yi nisa. Ko kuma sauti a cikin daki mai haske sun fi ƙarfi, yayin da masu duhu suka nutsar da su.
Hoto da ke hoto mai dauke da laushi mai haske
Ishesarshe da kayan aiki
Rashin daidaituwa na abubuwan asali suna ci gaba a cikin kayan ado. Ana amfani da filastar ado, fenti, bangon waya mai natsuwa don bangon. Ta hanyar, ƙarshen ma an yi shi musamman don bukatun salon - an maye gurbin ɗumbin kayan gargajiya da furanni masu haske ta hanyar masana'antun da kayan ado na geometric, kwaikwayo na kayan halitta.
Dace da rufi masu sauki ne masu sauki ko kuma masu rikitarwa iri-iri. Zai fi dacewa tsayi, haske mai launi. Kasan yana da sauki kamar yadda ya kamata. Linoleum, laminate, parquet ana amfani dasu a cikin kayan ado.
Lokacin zabar kayan kammalawa, hada eco da fasahar kere-kere da juna: gilashi, filastik, karfe, itace, fata, saman kayan yadi ne irin na Bauhaus.
Hoton ya nuna zauren gargajiya a cikin salon Bauhaus
Kayan kayan daki
Ba don komai ba ne ake daukar masu akidar salon Bauhaus a matsayin masu sauyawa - sun bincika kuma sun sami sabbin abubuwa kwata-kwata, suna kara sauki, jan hankali da aiki tare.
Ana gabatar da kayan haɗin gine-ginen - manyan ɗakunan ajiya, ɗakuna, a zahiri narke har ma da ƙananan gidaje. Wani abin kirki shine taransifoma. Falo mai shimfiɗa ko tebur, kayan ɗamara masu ado na zamani suna taimakawa adana sarari a cikin gidan, tare da kiyaye ayyukanta. Tabbatattun tebura da kujeru wasu ra'ayi ne na masu zane-zanen zamani waɗanda har yanzu suna sanannu a yau.
Masu zanen sun yi ƙoƙari don ganin sun sauƙaƙa kwalliyar kayan ado gabaɗaya - an cire abin ɗora hannu a kan kujeru masu kujeru da kayan gado, kuma duk abin da aka yi ado da shi a kan kujerun majalisar an kawar da su.
Game da kayan aiki, Bauhaus a sauƙaƙe ya haɗu da kayan ɗakunan da ba su dace da su ba: itace mai tsada tare da filastik mai arha, gilashin mara nauyi tare da ƙarfe mai ƙyalli, fata ta halitta tare da tubes ɗin Chrome.
Bent bututu gabaɗaya ya zama nau'in alamar wancan lokacin (~ 20s na karni na XX). Yi la'akari da shahararren kujerun Marcel Breuer wanda aka yi da bututun ƙarfe da aka saka da Chrome tare da madafan fata. Misali na biyu shine buɗe shaguna, galibi ana amfani dashi don sararin yanki.
Hoton yana nuna ɗakunan girke fararen girke-girke
Kayan ado da kayan yadi
Ko da irin wannan salon a matsayin Bauhaus ba tare da ado ba. Koyaya, kayan adon ci gaba ne na ƙa'idodin ƙa'idodi.
Abun ado na iya zama kamar wani abu mai aiki - misali, fitila mai salo, saitin jita-jita, butar ruwa, wasan jirgi ko kayan ɗabilar kanta. Don haka takamaiman kayan ado ne - hoto, kafet. Amma zane akan su abu ne wanda ba komai. Da'irori masu launuka, murabba'ai, oval, triangles da rectangles sune tushen zane-zane da yawa da suka dace da cikin Bauhaus.
Af, carpetet na geometric abubuwa ne masu mahimmanci na yanayin yau da kullun. Buga mai haske akan su yayi daidai da adon tsaka na ɗakin.
Sauran kayan yadin - labule, matashin kai, mayafai, kayan kwalliyar shimfiɗa - na iya zama mai haske kamar darduma, ko mai sauƙi ne sosai. Babban doka ita ce matsakaici. Wato, bai kamata ku saka matashin kai mai launuka iri-iri akan kujera mai launi ba.
Hoton hoton shimfidar lissafi ne a ƙasa
Hasken wuta
Brightwarewar haske mai haske ba kawai ado ba ne, amma ɓangare ne na kowane cikin gidan Bauhaus. Lightingarin haske, da ƙarin fili sararin ya zama. Suna ƙarfafa wuraren da ake buƙata tare da haske, saita lafazi.
Hasken haske yana kusa da masana'antu, sanyi. Haske yana da tsawo.
Ya kamata fitilun da kansu su yi wa ɗakin ado. Tsarin su ya haɗu da nau'ikan sauƙi, duets na yau da kullun. Mafi shahararren misali shine haduwar karafan karfe da gilashin sanyi, kamar yadda a cikin shahararren fitilar teburin da William Wagenfeld da Karl Jacob Uecker suka yi.
Babu ƙarancin sanannen shine fitilar Marianne Brandt - ƙaramin ƙirar ƙarfe, mai fasali kamar sifofin zamani.
Hotuna a cikin ɗakunan
Falo a cikin salon Bauhaus - kujeru masu kyau da yawa, tebur mai sauƙi, tebur don kayan aikin talabijin.
A cikin ɗakin kwana, cibiyar ita ce gado - mai sauƙi, mai dadi. Isarin yankin ajiya ana la'akari da shi - tufafi mai sauƙi yana ɗayan mafi kyawun mafita waɗanda masu zanen salon suka gabatar.
A cikin hoton akwai falo mai faɗi tare da gado mai matasai mara kwalliya
Kicin shine dakin da yafi kowane aiki a gidan. Lokacin haɓaka belun kunne, ba kawai ergonomics ake la'akari ba, har ma da bukatun kowane memba na iyali. Ya kamata kayan daki su sauƙaƙa ayyukan yau da kullun.
Hoton hoto
Kodayake salon ya bunƙasa bisa ga tarihi a cikin 1920-1930, mutane da yawa har yanzu suna farin cikin gina abubuwan cikin su gwargwadon iyakokin Bauhaus. Bayan duk wannan, ana iya tsintar yawancin ra'ayoyi masu amfani daga falsafar shugabanci.
